1993-069A - Gorizont 28

Název objektu	Gorizont 28 <=Горизонт 28>
SSC	22880
Start	1993-10-28 15:17:00 UT, Bajkonur [=Baikonur], Proton-K/DM-2
Stav objektu	na geocentrické dráze
Očekávaná životnost na dráze	neomezená
Provozovatel	Rusko, Intersputnik
Výrobce	Rusko, NPO PM
Kategorie	telekomunikační družice
Hmotnost	2120 kg

Parametry dráhy

Epocha	Typ	i	P	hP	hA	Pozn.
93-11-01.40	G	1.58°	1436.70 min	35784 km	35813 km
96-08-22.83	G	0.73°	1436.00 min	35778 km	35791 km
96-12-05.74	G	0.94°	1436.16 min	35778 km	35798 km
97-03-20.67	G	1.15°	1436.03 min	35781 km	35789 km
97-07-03.25	G	1.35°	1436.21 min	35786 km	35791 km
97-12-11.69	G	1.67°	1436.04 min	35774 km	35797 km
98-03-26.85	G	1.88°	1436.17 min	35779 km	35797 km
98-07-07.16	G	2.09°	1436.06 min	35779 km	35793 km
98-10-20.02	G	2.29°	1436.21 min	35778 km	35799 km
99-01-24.77	G	2.49°	1436.03 min	35775 km	35795 km
99-05-05.12	G	2.69°	1436.16 min	35779 km	35797 km
99-07-14.28	G	2.82°	1436.52 min	35787 km	35802 km
99-10-29.39	G	3.03°	1436.16 min	35776 km	35800 km
00-01-30.10	G	3.24°	1436.02 min	35770 km	35801 km
00-04-23.67	G	3.39°	1434.39 min	35701 km	35806 km
00-04-30.34	G	3.42°	1435.93 min	35758 km	35808 km
00-06-24.88	G	3.53°	1436.24 min	35759 km	35820 km
00-11-07.07	G	3.81°	1436.12 min	35777 km	35797 km
01-02-18.42	G	4.02°	1436.07 min	35776 km	35796 km
01-06-03.08	G	4.23°	1435.94 min	35775 km	35792 km
01-07-28.50	G	4.37°	1436.25 min	35778 km	35801 km
01-11-03.82	G	4.57°	1436.15 min	35779 km	35796 km
02-02-08.94	G	4.78°	1435.99 min	35776 km	35793 km
02-03-30.43	G	4.88°	1436.30 min	35776 km	35806 km
02-07-06.62	G	5.09°	1436.12 min	35777 km	35797 km
02-10-13.16	G	5.30°	1436.02 min	35783 km	35787 km
03-01-18.85	G	5.52°	1436.23 min	35783 km	35795 km
03-04-26.54	G	5.74°	1436.13 min	35781 km	35794 km
03-07-26.62	G	5.94°	1435.95 min	35779 km	35788 km
03-09-14.36	G	6.05°	1436.25 min	35781 km	35798 km
03-12-20.86	G	6.32°	1436.21 min	35785 km	35793 km
04-05-16.61	G	6.60°	1435.92 min	35775 km	35791 km
05-01-03.76	G	7.13°	1435.96 min	35779 km	35789 km
05-02-19.44	G	7.24°	1436.26 min	35782 km	35797 km
05-05-15.89	G	7.44°	1436.06 min	35782 km	35790 km
05-08-19.60	G	7.65°	1435.97 min	35782 km	35786 km
05-09-28.86	G	7.74°	1436.28 min	35780 km	35801 km
05-12-19.18	G	7.94°	1436.04 min	35775 km	35796 km
06-03-17.24	G	8.14°	1436.26 min	35781 km	35798 km
06-06-16.63	G	8.35°	1436.10 min	35783 km	35790 km
06-09-17.54	G	8.56°	1435.98 min	35775 km	35794 km
06-10-03.77	G	8.59°	1431.72 min	35629 km	35773 km
06-10-18.79	G	8.63°	1435.93 min	35776 km	35791 km
06-11-13.08	G	8.69°	1436.22 min	35781 km	35797 km
07-02-01.80	G	8.87°	1437.97 min	35788 km	35858 km
07-02-01.83	G	8.87°	1436.01 min	35781 km	35788 km
07-02-02.70	G	8.87°	1437.98 min	35788 km	35859 km
07-02-20.65	G	8.90°	1435.93 min	35776 km	35790 km
07-03-29.70	G	9.00°	1436.22 min	35784 km	35794 km
07-06-28.34	G	9.21°	1436.22 min	35784 km	35794 km
07-11-10.80	G	9.51°	1436.12 min	35778 km	35796 km
08-02-10.61	G	9.72°	1436.04 min	35781 km	35790 km
08-05-13.54	G	9.93°	1435.93 min	35778 km	35789 km
08-06-19.57	G	10.00°	1436.22 min	35784 km	35794 km
08-09-19.69	G	10.21°	1436.06 min	35782 km	35789 km
08-10-25.00	G	10.28°	1436.36 min	35781 km	35802 km
08-12-02.66	G	10.37°	1436.65 min	35784 km	35811 km
09-01-08.55	G	10.44°	1436.98 min	35786 km	35822 km
09-02-14.95	G	10.53°	1446.92 min	35887 km	36109 km
09-02-21.70	G	10.54°	1445.11 min	35829 km	36097 km
09-05-27.61	G	10.75°	1445.05 min	35823 km	36100 km
09-09-03.35	G	10.96°	1444.96 min	35824 km	36096 km
09-12-12.47	G	11.17°	1444.95 min	35827 km	36093 km
10-03-24.86	G	11.38°	1445.12 min	35831 km	36096 km
10-07-08.22	G	11.59°	1445.04 min	35816 km	36106 km
10-10-21.58	G	11.80°	1444.93 min	35819 km	36099 km
11-02-04.95	G	12.01°	1445.06 min	35817 km	36106 km
11-05-26.33	G	12.22°	1445.04 min	35807 km	36116 km

Význam parametrů: Epocha - Datum (rok, měsíc, den a zlomek dne), pro něž platí uvedené parametry. Typ - Kód typu oběžné dráhy : G - geocentrická (Země), i - Sklon dráhy (úhel mezi rovinou dráhy a referenční rovinou, tj. rovníkem nebo ekliptikou). P - Perioda (doba oběhu). h_P - Výška dráhy v pericentru. h_A - Výška dráhy v apocentru.

Pozice na stacionární dráze

Epocha	λ	Δλ	i	Poznámka
08-06-21.59	117.04°	-0.05°/d	10.01°
08-06-30.92	117.20°	-0.05°/d	10.03°
08-07-09.90	117.38°	0.04°/d	10.05°
08-07-11.20	116.67°	0.05°/d	10.05°
08-07-12.58	116.69°	0.03°/d	10.06°
08-08-21.57	116.56°	-0.03°/d	10.14°
08-08-23.75	117.26°	-0.04°/d	10.15°
08-08-29.57	116.21°	-0.04°/d	10.16°
08-09-02.07	116.42°	0.06°/d	10.17°
08-09-03.76	117.14°	0.04°/d	10.17°
08-09-09.00	116.47°	0.04°/d	10.18°
08-09-13.64	117.31°	0.04°/d	10.19°
08-09-19.04	116.90°	0.03°/d	10.20°
08-09-21.60	117.32°	0.02°/d	10.21°
08-09-30.01	116.86°	0.01°/d	10.23°
08-10-12.80	116.39°	-0.05°/d	10.26°
08-10-15.09	116.95°	-0.03°/d	10.26°
08-10-27.03	116.20°	-0.05°/d	10.29°
08-10-31.83	115.04°	-0.07°/d	10.30°
08-11-01.07	115.92°	-0.07°/d	10.30°
08-11-03.76	114.96°	-0.09°/d	10.30°
08-11-13.44	114.48°	-0.08°/d	10.32°
08-11-21.34	113.16°	-0.10°/d	10.34°
08-11-27.56	113.08°	-0.13°/d	10.36°
08-12-05.76	111.09°	-0.14°/d	10.37°
08-12-18.72	108.97°	-0.17°/d	10.40°
08-12-19.96	109.64°	-0.17°/d	10.40°
08-12-23.71	108.09°	-0.17°/d	10.41°
08-12-24.69	107.92°	-0.18°/d	10.41°
08-12-26.93	108.38°	-0.18°/d	10.42°
09-01-02.73	106.28°	-0.19°/d	10.43°
09-01-04.95	106.60°	-0.20°/d	10.44°
09-01-06.65	105.41°	-0.20°/d	10.44°
09-01-16.88	104.01°	-0.22°/d	10.46°
09-01-26.02	101.31°	-0.25°/d	10.48°
09-01-28.82	101.12°	-0.23°/d	10.49°
09-02-07.59	97.82°	-0.26°/d	10.51°
09-02-11.81	97.56°	-0.26°/d	10.52°
09-02-12.60	96.46°	-0.27°/d	10.52°
09-02-26.02	66.33°	-2.22°/d	10.55°
09-04-17.07	-44.26°	-2.21°/d	10.66°
09-04-23.53	-59.27°	-2.24°/d	10.68°
09-04-26.16	-64.78°	-2.20°/d	10.68°
09-05-01.77	-77.86°	-2.22°/d	10.69°
09-05-11.29	-99.40°	-2.21°/d	10.71°
09-05-12.54	-102.24°	-2.27°/d	10.72°
09-05-14.24	-105.52°	-2.21°/d	10.72°
09-05-18.40	-115.88°	-2.23°/d	10.73°
09-05-21.61	-122.39°	-2.26°/d	10.74°
09-05-23.15	-125.05°	-2.24°/d	10.74°
09-05-27.29	-134.86°	-2.20°/d	10.75°
09-05-29.48	-140.80°	-2.23°/d	10.75°
09-05-30.71	-142.49°	-2.24°/d	10.76°
09-06-04.61	-154.04°	-2.24°/d	10.77°
09-06-07.82	-160.65°	-2.21°/d	10.77°
09-06-12.26	-169.94°	-2.20°/d	10.78°
09-06-17.40	177.88°	-2.17°/d	10.79°
09-06-18.53	174.65°	-2.20°/d	10.79°
09-06-19.74	172.91°	-2.22°/d	10.80°
09-07-01.65	145.83°	-2.22°/d	10.82°
09-07-03.34	143.48°	-2.20°/d	10.82°
09-07-05.94	137.09°	-2.20°/d	10.83°
09-07-07.66	132.49°	-2.23°/d	10.83°
09-07-11.88	124.06°	-2.22°/d	10.84°
09-07-16.67	112.36°	-2.24°/d	10.85°
09-07-25.83	92.57°	-2.26°/d	10.87°
09-07-26.29	92.03°	-2.26°/d	10.88°
09-08-01.66	76.44°	-2.24°/d	10.89°
09-08-02.90	74.57°	-2.26°/d	10.89°
09-08-05.67	67.43°	-2.23°/d	10.90°
09-08-11.96	54.27°	-2.25°/d	10.91°
09-08-13.69	49.42°	-2.22°/d	10.91°
09-08-14.97	47.51°	-2.24°/d	10.92°
09-08-23.75	26.85°	-2.21°/d	10.93°
09-09-03.35	4.02°	-2.23°/d	10.96°
09-09-10.88	-13.26°	-2.22°/d	10.97°
09-09-11.02	-12.77°	-2.22°/d	10.97°
09-09-16.32	-24.89°	-2.21°/d	10.98°
09-09-23.84	-42.02°	-2.20°/d	11.00°
09-09-25.16	-43.95°	-2.21°/d	11.00°
09-10-05.42	-67.32°	-2.24°/d	11.02°
09-10-11.19	-79.72°	-2.24°/d	11.04°
09-10-28.45	-119.11°	-2.24°/d	11.07°
09-10-29.61	-121.04°	-2.26°/d	11.08°
09-10-30.39	-123.31°	-2.22°/d	11.08°
09-11-10.47	-148.23°	-2.22°/d	11.10°
09-11-12.33	-151.87°	-2.21°/d	11.10°
09-11-19.54	-168.47°	-2.21°/d	11.12°
09-11-23.33	-176.27°	-2.21°/d	11.13°
09-11-24.64	-179.48°	-2.23°/d	11.13°
09-11-26.20	176.70°	-2.23°/d	11.13°
09-11-28.66	171.67°	-2.22°/d	11.14°
09-12-01.19	165.52°	-2.22°/d	11.14°
09-12-02.21	163.36°	-2.22°/d	11.15°
09-12-03.35	161.59°	-2.21°/d	11.15°
09-12-05.55	156.17°	-2.19°/d	11.15°
09-12-07.21	152.25°	-2.22°/d	11.16°
09-12-09.43	148.12°	-2.20°/d	11.16°
09-12-11.61	142.75°	-2.21°/d	11.16°
09-12-15.78	134.25°	-2.24°/d	11.17°
09-12-16.87	132.21°	-2.22°/d	11.18°
09-12-18.71	127.22°	-2.24°/d	11.18°
09-12-20.37	123.79°	-2.24°/d	11.18°
09-12-21.92	120.94°	-2.21°/d	11.19°
09-12-22.84	118.77°	-2.24°/d	11.19°
09-12-25.12	112.43°	-2.21°/d	11.19°
09-12-30.58	100.75°	-2.22°/d	11.20°
09-12-31.24	98.53°	-2.25°/d	11.21°
10-01-02.58	94.06°	-2.23°/d	11.21°
10-01-14.62	66.93°	-2.23°/d	11.24°
10-02-02.69	24.15°	-2.21°/d	11.27°
10-09-15.46	-117.15°	-2.22°/d	11.73°
10-09-30.51	-150.87°	-2.21°/d	11.76°
10-11-09.64	120.18°	-2.21°/d	11.83°
10-11-28.71	77.38°	-2.23°/d	11.87°
10-12-24.80	18.87°	-2.20°/d	11.92°
10-12-24.80	18.87°	-2.20°/d	11.92°
10-12-24.80	18.87°	-2.20°/d	11.92°
11-01-17.88	-34.48°	-2.19°/d	11.97°
11-01-17.88	-34.48°	-2.19°/d	11.97°
11-01-17.88	-34.48°	-2.19°/d	11.97°
11-01-17.88	-34.48°	-2.19°/d	11.97°
11-01-27.92	-56.83°	-2.21°/d	11.99°
11-01-27.92	-56.83°	-2.21°/d	11.99°
11-01-27.92	-56.83°	-2.21°/d	11.99°
11-02-06.95	-79.28°	-2.22°/d	12.01°
11-02-16.99	-101.82°	-2.22°/d	12.03°
11-02-16.99	-101.82°	-2.22°/d	12.03°
11-02-26.02	-122.13°	-2.22°/d	12.05°
11-03-10.06	-149.12°	-2.21°/d	12.07°
11-03-10.06	-149.12°	-2.21°/d	12.07°
11-04-20.20	119.70°	-2.20°/d	12.15°
11-04-20.20	119.70°	-2.20°/d	12.15°
11-04-28.23	101.73°	-2.23°/d	12.16°
11-04-28.23	101.73°	-2.23°/d	12.16°
11-04-28.23	101.73°	-2.23°/d	12.16°
11-04-28.23	101.73°	-2.23°/d	12.16°
11-05-11.27	72.37°	-2.23°/d	12.19°
11-05-11.27	72.37°	-2.23°/d	12.19°
11-05-23.31	45.26°	-2.21°/d	12.21°
11-05-23.31	45.26°	-2.21°/d	12.21°
11-05-23.31	45.26°	-2.21°/d	12.21°
11-06-04.35	18.37°	-2.20°/d	12.23°
11-06-21.41	-19.44°	-2.19°/d	12.26°
11-06-21.41	-19.44°	-2.19°/d	12.26°
11-06-21.41	-19.44°	-2.19°/d	12.26°
11-06-21.41	-19.44°	-2.19°/d	12.26°
11-06-21.41	-19.44°	-2.19°/d	12.26°
11-07-06.46	-52.81°	-2.20°/d	12.29°
11-07-07.47	-55.05°	-2.20°/d	12.29°
11-07-07.47	-55.05°	-2.20°/d	12.29°
11-07-08.47	-57.29°	-2.20°/d	12.30°
11-07-08.47	-57.29°	-2.20°/d	12.30°
11-07-08.47	-57.29°	-2.20°/d	12.30°
11-07-16.50	-75.24°	-2.21°/d	12.31°
11-07-16.50	-75.24°	-2.21°/d	12.31°
11-07-17.50	-77.50°	-2.22°/d	12.31°
11-07-27.54	-100.04°	-2.22°/d	12.33°
11-07-27.54	-100.04°	-2.22°/d	12.33°
11-07-27.54	-100.04°	-2.22°/d	12.33°
11-08-06.57	-122.60°	-2.22°/d	12.35°
11-08-06.57	-122.60°	-2.22°/d	12.35°
11-08-07.57	-124.86°	-2.22°/d	12.35°
11-08-07.57	-124.86°	-2.22°/d	12.35°
11-08-24.63	-163.01°	-2.19°/d	12.38°
11-08-24.63	-163.01°	-2.19°/d	12.38°
11-08-24.63	-163.01°	-2.19°/d	12.38°
11-09-05.67	170.33°	-2.18°/d	12.40°
11-09-15.71	148.16°	-2.18°/d	12.42°
11-09-15.71	148.16°	-2.18°/d	12.42°
11-09-15.71	148.16°	-2.18°/d	12.42°
11-09-25.74	125.93°	-2.20°/d	12.44°
11-09-25.74	125.93°	-2.20°/d	12.44°
11-09-25.74	125.93°	-2.20°/d	12.44°
11-10-05.78	103.50°	-2.23°/d	12.46°
11-10-05.78	103.50°	-2.23°/d	12.46°
11-10-18.82	74.16°	-2.22°/d	12.48°
11-10-18.82	74.16°	-2.22°/d	12.48°
11-10-18.82	74.16°	-2.22°/d	12.48°
11-10-19.83	71.90°	-2.22°/d	12.48°
11-10-31.87	44.80°	-2.21°/d	12.51°
11-10-31.87	44.80°	-2.21°/d	12.51°
11-11-01.87	42.55°	-2.21°/d	12.51°
11-11-01.87	42.55°	-2.21°/d	12.51°
11-11-01.87	42.55°	-2.21°/d	12.51°
11-11-01.87	42.55°	-2.21°/d	12.51°
11-11-14.92	13.45°	-2.19°/d	12.53°
11-11-14.92	13.45°	-2.19°/d	12.53°
11-11-14.92	13.45°	-2.19°/d	12.53°
11-11-14.92	13.45°	-2.19°/d	12.53°
11-11-14.92	13.45°	-2.19°/d	12.53°
11-11-14.92	13.45°	-2.19°/d	12.53°
11-11-14.92	13.45°	-2.19°/d	12.53°
11-11-14.92	13.45°	-2.19°/d	12.53°
11-11-14.92	13.45°	-2.19°/d	12.53°
11-11-24.95	-8.79°	-2.19°/d	12.55°
11-11-24.95	-8.79°	-2.19°/d	12.55°
11-11-24.95	-8.79°	-2.19°/d	12.55°
11-12-05.99	-33.24°	-2.19°/d	12.57°
11-12-16.02	-55.54°	-2.20°/d	12.58°
11-12-16.02	-55.54°	-2.20°/d	12.58°

Význam hodnot: Epocha - Datum (rok, měsíc, den), pro něž platí uvedené údaje. λ - Zeměpisná délka subsatelitního bodu ve stupních (kladná je východní délka, záporná je západní délka). Δλ - Denní změna polohy vzhledem k zemskému povrchu (změna zeměpisné délky subsatelitního bodu) ve stupních za den (kladná východním směrem, záporná západním směrem). i - Sklon dráhy k rovníku ve stupních.

Popis objektu

Stacionární telekomunikační družice. Vyrobilo ji NPO prikladnoj mechaniki im. akad. M. F. Rešetnjova <=НПО прикладной механики им. акад. М. Ф. Решетнёва> (nyní OAO "Informacionnyje sputnikovyje sistemy"), Železnogorsk (dř. Krasnojarsk-26), Krasnojarskij kraj (Rusko); dodavatelem telekomunikačního je Naučno-issledovatel'skij institut kosmičeskogo priborostrojenija (NII KP) <=Научно-исследовательский институт космического приборостроения (НИИ КП)> (nyní RNII KP), Moskva (Rusko). Provozovatelem je GUP "Kosmičeskaja svjaz" <=ГУП "Космическая связ">, Moskva (Rusko).

Tříose stabilizovaná družice typu Gorizont (mezinárodní index Stacionar, typové označení 11F662, výr. č. 40L) má základní těleso tvaru válce o průměru max. 2.5 m a délce asi 5.5 m; panely slunečních baterií mají rozpětí téměř 10 m a dodávají 1.3 kW elektrické energie na počátku života. Je využívána pro vnitrostátní telefonní, telegrafní a dálnopisné spojení a distribuci televizního signálu centrální televize na území Ruské federace a zemí bývalého SSSR. Převaděče pracují v pásmu C (4/6 GHz, výkon převaděčů 6 až 40 W). Nese též další převáděč systému "Volna" pro spojení s námořními loděmi a s letadly, pracující v pásmu L (1.6/1.5 GHz, výkon 20 W).

Plánovaný bod zavěšení je nad 90° v.d. Předpokládaná aktivní životnost je asi 2 roky.

Bezprostředně předcházející družice této řady Gorizont výr. č. 39L se 1993-05-27 pro havárii nosné rakety Proton-K/DM-2 nedostala na oběžnou dráhu. Předchozí úspěšně vypuštěnou je Gorizont 27 (1992-082A), další je Gorizont 29 (1993-072A).

Průběh letu

Datum	Událost
1993-10-28	15:17:00 UT: Vzlet. Družice byla nosnou raketou navedena na předběžnou stacionární dráhu, zkorigovanou pozdějšími manévry, po níž se zvolna pohybovala k místu plánovaného zakotvení.
1993-11-03	Družice byla zakotvena nad 90° v.d., odkud byl vyveden Gorizont 21 (1990-094A), aby nepřekážel provozu.
2000-04-21 až 2000-04-22	Družice byla přemístěna8 z pozice nad 90° v.d. na nové místo9 nad 96.5° v.d.

Literatura

1. NPO-PM Home Page. - Železnogorsk : NPO-PM, 2003. - [Cit. 2003-06-22].     (http://www.npopm.ru/).
2. Home Page. - Moskva : RNII KP, 2008. - [Cit. 2009-07-22].     (http://www.rniikp.ru/).
3. Home Page. - Moskva : Kosmičeskaja svjaz, 2004. - [Cit. 2004-11-30].     (http://www.rscc.ru).
4. Kosmonavtika, Enciklopedija / Gl. red. V. P. Gluško. - Izd. Sovetskaja enciklopedija : Moskva, 1985. - S. 91.
5. Gorizont - Launch Log. - SPACEandTECH.Com, 2000.     (http://www.spaceandtech.com/spacedata/constellations/gorizont_conlogfest.shtml).
6. Russian Geosynchronous Orbit Satellites, 1990-1999 / P. S. Clark. - J. Brit. Interplanet. Soc. 54 [1/2] 27-46 (2001).
7. SPACEWARN Activities. - SPACEWARN Bulletin [481] 1 (1993-11-25).     (http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/spacewarn/spx481.html).
8. Satellite Digest-334 / P. S. Clark. - Spaceflight 42 [8] 329 (2000).
9. Rossijskaja orbital'naja gruppirovka / S. Šamsutdinov. - Novosti kosmonavtiki 12 [10/237] 27 (2002).

Datum poslední úpravy: 2011-12-18 11:08:36 UT

© 2011 - Petr Lála, Antonín Vítek